Ngā Māramatanga Matatau ki te Hangarau Hanga Waro Whakahohe
Ko te whakaputanga waro whakahohe he raupapa tukanga e aro nui ana ki te tika, e huri ana i ngā rauemi kai waro hei mea mimiti tino pūngoi, e pā tika ana ia tawhā mahi ki te whai huatanga o te rauemi mimiti me te whakamahinga ahumahi. Kua tino whanake tēnei hangarau hei whakatutuki i ngā tono rerekē, mai i te maimoatanga wai ki te purenga hau, me ngā auahatanga tonu e aro ana ki te pumau me te arotau i te mahi.
Te Kōwhiringa Rauemi Mata me te Tukatuka i mua: Te Pūtake o te KoungaKa tīmata te haerenga kite kōwhiringa rauemi mata rautaki, nā te mea ko ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi kai e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga o te hua whakamutunga. Ko ngā anga kokonati tonu te whiringa pai rawa atu nā te mea he nui te ihirangi waro pumau (neke atu i te 75%), he iti ngā taumata pungarehu (iti iho i te 3%), me te hanganga muka taiao, e āwhina ana i te hanganga o ngā pore—he mea pai mō ngā tono teitei pēnei i te tango i ngā paitini rongoā. Ko te waro, inā koa ko ngā momo bituminous me te anthracite, e pai ake ana mō te whakaputa ahumahi nui nā te mea he pumau te hanganga me te whai hua o te utu, ko ngā rauemi kai rakau (hei tauira, te paina, te ōki) e pai ake ana mō ngā mākete hoa-taiao nā te mea he āhua whakahou. I muri i te kōwhiringa, he mea nui te tukatuka i mua: ka kuruhia ngā rauemi mata ki ngā matūriki 2–5mm kia pai ai te tohatoha wera ōrite, kātahi ka whakamarokehia ki roto i ngā oumu hurihuri i te 120–150°C hei whakaiti i te ihirangi makuku i raro i te 10%. Mā tēnei taahiraa ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao i te wā e whakamahana ana i muri mai, ā, ka ārai i te waro kore taurite.
Ngā Tukanga Matua: Te Whakapūngao Waro me te Whakahohe
Te whakapūngao waroKo te taahiraa whakawhiti tuatahi tēnei, e mahia ana i roto i ngā oumu hurihuri kāore i te nui te hāora, i ngā oumu poutū rānei i te 400–600°C. I konei, ka peia atu ngā wāhanga pūngāwerewere (hei tauira, te wai, te tā, me ngā waikawa waro), ka heke te taumaha ki te 50–70%, ā, ka hangaia he anga waro pakari. Heoi, he iti noa te porosity o tēnei anga—he iti iho i te 100 m²/g te nuinga—e hiahia ana kiawhakahohengahei wetewete i te pūmanawa mimiti o te rauemi.
E rua ngā tikanga whakahohe matua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi.Whakahohenga ā-tinana(te whakahohenga hau rānei) ko te rongoā i te rauemi waro ki ngā hau whakapūngao (korohū, CO₂, hau rānei) i te 800–1000°C. Ka tauhohe te hau ki te mata waro, ka keri i ngā pūwero moroiti (≤2nm) me ngā pūwero waenga (2–50nm) e hanga ana i te horahanga mata neke atu i te 1,500 m²/g. He pai tēnei tikanga mō te waro whakahohe kai me te waro rongoā nā te mea kāore he matū.Whakahohenga matū, he rerekē, ka whakaranua ngā rauemi mata ki ngā kaihoko whakamaroke (ZnCl₂, H₃PO₄, KOH rānei) i mua i te whakawaro. Ka whakaitihia e ngā matū te pāmahana whakahohenga ki te 400–600°C, ā, ka whakatairanga i te tohatoha ōrite o te rahi o ngā pore, kia pai ai mō ngā tono motuhake pēnei i te mimiti VOC. Heoi, me horoi pai tēnei tikanga ki te wai, ki ngā waikawa rānei hei tango i ngā matū toenga, ka whakapiki ake i te uaua o te tukanga.
Ngā Auahatanga Whai Muri i te Maimoatanga me te Tauwhiro
I muri i te whakahohenga, ka kuruhia te hua, ka tātarihia (kia tutuki ai ngā rahi matūriki mai i te 0.5mm ki te 5mm), ā, ka whakamarokehia kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa ahumahi. Kei te whakauruhia e ngā raina whakaputa hou ngā mahi tauwhiro: ka hangarua te wera para mai i ngā oumu whakapūngao waro ki ngā whakamaroke hiko, ko ngā hua whakahohe matū (hei tauira, ngā waikawa kua whakaranua) ka whakakorengia, ka whakamahia anō. Hei tāpiri, ko te rangahau ki ngā rauemi kai koiora—pērā i ngā para ahuwhenua (ngā kiri raihi, te bagasse huka)—kei te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te waro kore-whakahou, me te whakarei ake i te tapuwae taiao o te hangarau.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka whakatauritehia e te hangarau whakaputa waro whakahohe te hangarau tika me te urutau, ka taea ai e ia te mahi i ngā mahi nui i roto i te tiaki taiao me ngā tukanga ahumahi. I te tipu haere o te hiahia mō te wai me te hau ma, ka whakakaha ake te hiranga o ngā whanaketanga i roto i te kanorau rauemi whāngai me te hanga matomato.
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Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 13-2025